Freshwater Eels in British India

Exploitation of freshwater eels in National Parks

Deep-ocean origin of the freshwater eels

Of more than 800 species of eels of the order Anguilliformes, only freshwater eels (genus Anguilla with 16 species plus three subspecies) spend most of their lives in freshwater during their catadromous life cycle. Nevertheless, because their spawning areas are located offshore in the open ocean, they migrate back to their specific breeding places in the ocean, often located thousands of kilome...

review of the freshwater eels of iran (family anguillidae)

the systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the freshwater eel ( anguilla anguilla ) of iran are described, the species is illustrated, and a bibliography on this fish in iran is provided. the species is found in the caspian sea basin as an exotic.

The British freshwater crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes

lives in streams or pools that are liable to dry up or become stagnant, and these animals are known to leave water voluntarily to forage or to invade neighbouring habitats (Huxley, 1896; Taylor and Wheatly, 1980). When placed in air, the gills collapse and the crayfish suffer continuously from systemic hypoxia and hypercapnia. Associated with an initial virtual anoxia and a switch to anaerobic ...

Determinants of Primary Schooling in British India

This paper explores the provision of schooling in colonial India when British administrators dictated education policy. Although public and private funds were used to expand and improve the public education system, there were fewer than 3 primary schools for every 10 villages as late as 1911. To explore the impact of the funding system on the provision of schools, I empirically analyze the link...